King Arthur and His Knights by Maude Radford Warren King Arthur by Maude Radford Warren    

Chapter 19: Sir Lancelot and Elaine

Performer: LibriVox - Robin Cotter


Every year King Arthur's knights held a grand tournament among themselves, and contended in friendly combat for a prize. This prize was a diamond.

Once, in the early days of his kingship, Arthur was walking on a craggy hill, when he came upon the skeleton of a man who had once been a ruler. The skull still wore a gold crown set with nine large diamonds. King Arthur took the crown and had the diamonds unset. Each year at the friendly tournament he gave one of these diamonds as a prize.

There had been eight tournaments, and at each Sir Lancelot had won the diamond. The jewel that was to be given as a prize at the ninth tournament was the largest and most beautiful of all. Everyone, of course, expected that Sir Lancelot would win it, but only a few days before the contest he announced to the king that he would not compete.

Then the queen was vexed, for she loved Sir Lancelot more than all the other knights, and it gave her great joy to see him always successful in the tournaments. Therefore she urged him to change his decision.

"My queen," he said, "I told the king I would not fight."
'The Lady of Shalott' by Henry Meynell Rheam

The queen replied, "My advice is that you go in disguise. The knights who contest with you do so but half-heartedly, for they know your great fame and feel sure of failure. If they did not know who you were, they would fight better and win more glory for themselves. Then fight as a stranger knight, and afterwards explain to the king."

Sir Lancelot took her advice. He rode away over the woods and hills till he came to the castle of Astolat, where he decided to stop and ask for a disguise. He knocked on the gate, which was opened by an old dumb servant, and entered the courtyard. The lord of Astolat came to meet him with his two sons, Sir Torre and Sir Lavaine, and his beautiful daughter Elaine. The lord of the castle said, "Fair sir, whoever you are, you are welcome. You seem to me much like a Knight of the Round Table."

"That I am," said Sir Lancelot. "Hereafter I will tell you my name; at present I wish to remain unknown. I must enter the coming tournament as an unknown knight, and I should like to leave with you my great shield, for it is as well known in Camelot as I. Will you keep it and lend me another one?"

Then answered the Lord of Astolat, "You may take the shield of my son Torre. He was hurt in his first tournament, and has not been able to fight since. My son Lavaine will gladly go with you to the tournament. Perhaps," added the lord, laughing, "he can win the diamond, and put it in his sister Elaine's hair."

"Nay, father, do not make me ashamed before this noble knight," said the young Lavaine. "I know I can never win the diamond for Elaine, but I can at least do my best to fight."

"Gladly will I take you for a companion," said Sir Lancelot, "and if you can, win the diamond for this fair maiden."

"Such a diamond," said Sir Torre, "is fit for a queen, and not for a simple girl."

Sir Lancelot smiled to himself. He was sure that he should win the diamond. Then he meant to give it with the eight others to Queen Guinevere. He spoke kindly, however, to the beautiful Elaine. "In truth, this fair maiden is fit to be a queen."

Then Elaine lifted her eyes and looked at him. He was twice as old as she was. His face was cut and scarred with wounds which he had received in battle, but as she looked at him, she loved him, and felt that she would continue to love him till the day of her death.

They went into the great hall where a supper was laid. Sir Lancelot talked of King Arthur and his goodness and all his glorious deeds. Elaine thought that even Arthur could not be so brave as this wonderful lord. All night long she dreamed of him. In the morning she rose early and went down in the courtyard where Sir Lancelot and Sir Lavaine were mounting their horses.

"Fair lord," she said boldly to Sir Lancelot, "will you wear my token in your helmet?"

Then said Sir Lancelot, "Fair maiden, I have never worn favor nor token for any lady in the tournaments. This is well known to be my custom."
'The Lady of Shalott' by William Holman Hunt

"But if you wear my token," she said, "there will be far less likelihood of your being known by your fellow knights."

"That is very true, my child," he said. "Bring it to me. What is it?"

She held it out to him; it was a red sleeve embroidered with pearls. Sir Lancelot bound it in his helmet and said, "I have never done so much before for any maiden."

Then he and Sir Lavaine bade Elaine farewell, and the beautiful maiden ran up to the tower of the castle and watched them from the window for a long time. When they were out of sight she asked the old dumb servant to carry Sir Lancelot's shield to the tower. It was a large shield of silver, with three lions emblazoned upon it in gold and blue, but its polished surface was covered with dents and scratches. Elaine knelt before it, and made a story for each scratch and mark, picturing to herself the contests in which the good shield had taken part. For many weeks she stayed near it all day long in the turret, watching for Sir Lancelot and her brother to return.

Meanwhile those two had ridden lightly to Camelot, and when they were almost there, Sir Lancelot told Sir Lavaine his name. The young man was astonished. He was very happy, too, to think that he was a companion to the great knight of whom he had heard so often.

When Sir Lancelot and Sir Lavaine arrived at the field where the tournament was to be held, they stood looking at the king, who sat upon the great carved chair which had dragons' heads for the arms and the back. On his red robe was embroidered a golden dragon, and a golden dragon was also on his crown. Above him, set in a canopy, was the ninth diamond. All about the king to left and right were rows of ladies whose robes gave to the pavilion in which they sat the brilliant hues of the rainbow.

Sir Lancelot said to young Sir Lavaine, "Look at the king. You think I am great, but he is greater than I. I can fight better than he can, but his soul is greater than mine. Aim to become a Knight of the Round Table, and follow the example of goodness which Arthur sets for his knights."

At this moment the trumpets blew as a signal that the tournament was to begin. The knights spurred their horses forward, and in a moment their spears and shields clashed. Sir Lancelot rode lightly here and there, overthrowing everyone with whom he contested. All wondered at the skill of this unknown knight. Then Sir Lancelot's kinsmen, his nephew, Sir Lionel, and others, were angry and jealous.

"Our Sir Lancelot should be here," they said, "to overcome this stranger knight."

"Perhaps this is Sir Lancelot," said one. "Two knights cannot fight so well in this world. It must be Sir Lancelot."
'The Lady of Shalott' by William Maw Egley

"No, no," said the others; "Sir Lancelot would never wear a lady's favor, and this knight wears a red sleeve embroidered with pearls. Let us set on this man and teach him that if Sir Lancelot is not here, we, his kinsmen, will fight for his fame."

Then all together they bore down on Sir Lancelot. His horse went down in the shock, and he himself was wounded. A spear had pierced his breastplate and snapped off in his side.

Young Sir Lavaine rushed to help Sir Lancelot. The great knight rose slowly and, with the help of his friend, drove back his kith and kin to the far side of the field. Then sounded a great blare of trumpets, and the king proclaimed the stranger knight victor.

"Come forward," the herald cried, "and take your diamond."

But poor Sir Lancelot said, "Talk not to me of diamonds. Give me air. I fear me I have received my death wound, and I bid you follow me not."

Sir Lavaine helped him upon his horse, and they two rode slowly off the field. When they were near the neighboring forest the great knight fell from his horse and cried, "Pull forth the spear-head which is in my side."

"Oh, my lord," said Sir Lavaine, "I am afraid you will die if I draw it forth."

"I shall die if you leave it," said Sir Lancelot.

So Sir Lavaine drew it forth quickly, causing Sir Lancelot to faint from the pain. Then a hermit who lived nearby came to them, and bore the wounded knight into his hut, where for many a week Sir Lancelot lay between life and death.

When Arthur found that the unknown knight had gone, no one knew whither, he was sorry. He called the light-hearted Sir Gawain and said to him, "Go forth, take this diamond and seek the stranger knight. Do not cease from your search till you have left the diamond in his hand."

Then Arthur went to the queen. She had been ill and had not attended the tournament. When the king told her all that had happened, she cried, "A stranger knight! My lord, my lord! That was our dear Sir Lancelot. He was fighting in disguise."

"Alas! he is hurt," said the king. "Perhaps he is dying. He said that he would not fight. He should have told me that he meant to fight in disguise. The truth, my queen, is always best."

"Yes, my good lord, I know it," she said. "If I had but let our Lancelot tell the truth, perhaps he would not have been wounded. You would have called on his kinsmen to cease."
'Lancelot and Elaine' by Sidney Paget

For many days the king and Guinevere waited in deep anxiety for news of Sir Lancelot. Meantime, Sir Gawain rode forth and sought for the great knight in vain. At last he came to the castle of Astolat, where he was welcomed by the lord and Sir Torre and the fair Elaine. He told them the result of the tournament, and how the stranger knight had won. They showed him Sir Lancelot's shield.

"Ah!" said Elaine, when he had told them the name of the unknown knight, "I knew that he must be great."

Sir Gawain guessed by the expression of her beautiful face that she loved Sir Lancelot. So he said, "Fair maiden, when he returns here for his shield, give him this diamond, which is the prize he won. Perhaps he will prize it the more because you put it into his hand."

Then Sir Gawain bade them farewell and rode off, lightly singing. When he told Arthur what he had done, the king said, "You should have done as I bade you, Gawain. Sir Lancelot deceived me about his disguise, and you have disobeyed me. The kingdom will surely fail if the king and his rules are not honored. Obedience is the courtesy due to kings."

Meanwhile the fair Elaine went to her father and said, "Dear father, let me go and seek the wounded Sir Lancelot and my brother."

"Nay," said the lord, "it is not a fitting thing for a young maiden like you to seek a wounded knight. He is not your lover. It cannot be."

"I would give him his diamond," she said, "and since he is so sorely wounded, I would take care of him. It is not fitting, my father, but I cannot live unless I know where he is and how he does."

Then, because he loved his child very much and had never refused any request she made of him, the old lord let her go in care of Sir Torre. The two rode for a long time, until at last, near Camelot, they met Sir Lavaine. Elaine ran up to him and cried, "Lavaine, take me to Sir Lancelot."

Sir Lavaine was much astonished that Elaine knew the name of the stranger knight. He was glad to see her, because he thought she could help his friend. Sir Lancelot seemed glad to see her, too, and the beautiful maiden cared for him so tenderly that the old hermit said he never could have recovered without her nursing. When he was well enough, they all rode to the castle of Astolat.
'The Lady of Shalott' by John Atkinson Grimshaw

There Sir Lancelot remained for a few days; then he took his shield and prepared to return to Camelot. Before he went he asked Elaine if he could not do something for her in return for her care of him.

She grew very pale and then she said, "I am going to say something which I should not. I love you. Take me with you to Camelot."

Sir Lancelot said very gently, "My poor little maiden, if I had meant to take a wife, I should have wedded earlier. All the court knows that I love only the king and the queen. You do not really love me. Some day you will marry a young knight, and then I shall give you many castles and much land as a dowry."

"I will have nothing of all that," said Elaine.

She turned away and climbed up to the tower, while her father said to Sir Lancelot, "I pray you, be discourteous in some way so that she will cease to love you. Such love is madness."

"It is not my habit to be discourteous," said Sir Lancelot. "However, when she stands at the turret window to wave me farewell, I will not look up at her."

Sir Lancelot rode sadly away, and did not look up at the window where Elaine stood. She watched him till he disappeared, and then she fell in a swoon. Day after day she pined away, and one morning she said to her father, "Dear father, I am going to die. When I am dead, take my bed and cover it with rich draperies. Then dress me in my most beautiful clothes; put a letter I have here in my hand, and lay me on the bed. Set it on a barge, and let our dumb servant steer it down the river to Camelot."

Her father wept, and promised to do all that she asked.
'Elaine's Body Arrives at Camelot' by an Unknown Artist

Sir Lancelot had gone to the Court, where he was received with great rejoicing. For many days the knights and ladies held great feasting in his honor, and the king and the queen would hardly allow him to leave their presence. One day while the three stood looking out of the palace window, they saw a black barge come slowly down the river.

It stopped at the palace door, and the king, going down, saw on it the beautiful maiden Elaine, pale in death. She was dressed in white satin, and bore a lily in her left hand and a letter in her right. The king ordered two of his knights, the good Sir Galahad and Sir Perceval, to carry Elaine into his great hall. Then Arthur read the letter, which said, "Most noble lord, Sir Lancelot of the Lake: I, Elaine, the maid of Astolat, come to take my last farewell of you, for you left me without a farewell. I loved you, and my love had no return, and so I died."

The knights and ladies wept. Sir Lancelot said to Arthur, "My king, I grieve for the death of this maiden, but as I did not love her, I could not wed her."

The king answered, "You are not to blame, Sir Lancelot. The world has in it much that is sad as well as much that is joyous. There are happenings for which no human being can be blamed. It would be a fitting deed, however, if you had this maiden richly buried."

Sir Lancelot ordered a splendid funeral, such as should be given to a queen. Over Elaine's grave was raised a beautiful tomb on which was carved her figure, with the left hand holding a lily; at her feet lay the shield of Sir Lancelot, and the sad story of her death was written on the tomb in letters of gold and blue.

    King Arthur and His Knights by Maude Radford Warren King Arthur by Maude Radford Warren    

Chapter 19: Sir Lancelot and Elaine

Performer: LibriVox - Robin Cotter

Directions

Study the chapter for one week.

Over the week:

  • Read and/or listen to the chapter.
  • Review the synopsis.
  • Study the vocabulary words.
  • Complete the enrichment activities.
  • Answer the review questions.

Synopsis

Sir Lancelot has won King Arthur's tournament so many times, the other knights no longer try to best him. No longer feeling challenged, Sir Lancelot decides to skip this year's tournament. At Queen Guinevere's urging, Sir Lancelot changes his mind, but decides to enter the tournament in disguise to ensure all will fight him fiercely. Sir Lancelot receives a disguise at the castle of the Lord of Astolat. There, the Lord of Astolat's daughter Elaine, falls in love with Sir Lancelot. As Sir Lancelot's shield is far too recognizable for him to bring to the tournament, Elaine promises to keep his shield. Elaine convinces Sir Lancelot to wear her favor, although he only accepts to improve his disguise. Sir Lancelot wins the tournament, but is badly wounded and leaves without the diamond prize. King Arthur sends Sir Gawain to bring the diamond to the mystery competitor. Sir Gawain gives the diamond to Elaine to hold until Lancelot returns to Astolat for his shield. Meanwhile, Lancelot is being healed by a hermit. Later on, the smitten Elaine takes over Sir Lancelot's caretaking. When Elaine confesses her love, Sir Lancelot rejects her, refusing to look at her as he leaves Astolat. Dying from her broken heart, Elaine instructs her father to float her body on a river barge to Camelot. When her body arrives, Sir Lancelot is grieved, but he does not regret refusing Elaine's advances since he does not love her. Upon King Arthur's advice, Sir Lancelot orders splendid funeral and tomb in remembrance of Elaine.

Vocabulary

Diamond: A glimmering and extremely hard glass-like mineral made of carbon.
Craggy: Characterized by rugged, sharp, or coarse features.
Disguise: Material (such as clothing, makeup, a wig) used to alter one’s visual appearance in order to hide one's identity.
Glory: Honor, admiration, or distinction accorded by common consent to a person or thing.
Dumb: Unable to speak.
Favor: A love token given by a lady to a knight.
Kinsmen: Male relatives.
Whither: To where.
Dowry: Payment, such as property or money, paid by the bride's family to the groom or his family at the time of marriage.

Enrichment

Activity 1: Recite the Book Information

  • Recite the name of the author, the title of the book, and the title of the chapter.

Activity 2: Narrate the Story

  • Narrate the events aloud in your own words.

Activity 3: Study the Story Picture(s)

  • Study the story picture(s) and verbally describe the relation to the story.

Activity 4: Read a Poem Based on Elaine

Read aloud Part IV of the lyrical ballad, 'The Lady of Shalott,' by the poet Alfred Tennyson.

  • ***
  • In the stormy east-wind straining,
  • The pale yellow woods were waning,
  • The broad stream in his banks complaining,
  • Heavily the low sky raining
  • Over tower'd Camelot;
  • Down she came and found a boat
  • Beneath a willow left afloat,
  • And round about the prow she wrote
  • The Lady of Shalott.
  • ***
  • And down the river's dim expanse
  • Like some bold seër in a trance,
  • Seeing all his own mischance—
  • With a glassy countenance
  • Did she look to Camelot.
  • And at the closing of the day
  • She loosed the chain, and down she lay;
  • The broad stream bore her far away,
  • The Lady of Shalott.
  • ***
  • Lying, robed in snowy white
  • That loosely flew to left and right—
  • The leaves upon her falling light—
  • Thro' the noises of the night
  • She floated down to Camelot:
  • And as the boat-head wound along
  • The willowy hills and fields among,
  • They heard her singing her last song,
  • The Lady of Shalott.
  • ***
  • Heard a carol, mournful, holy,
  • Chanted loudly, chanted lowly,
  • Till her blood was frozen slowly,
  • And her eyes were darken'd wholly,
  • Turn'd to tower'd Camelot.
  • For ere she reach'd upon the tide
  • The first house by the water-side,
  • Singing in her song she died,
  • The Lady of Shalott.
  • ***
  • Under tower and balcony,
  • By garden-wall and gallery,
  • A gleaming shape she floated by,
  • Dead-pale between the houses high,
  • Silent into Camelot.
  • Out upon the wharfs they came,
  • Knight and burgher, lord and dame,
  • And round the prow they read her name,
  • The Lady of Shalott.
  • ***
  • Who is this? and what is here?
  • And in the lighted palace near
  • Died the sound of royal cheer;
  • And they cross'd themselves for fear,
  • All the knights at Camelot:
  • But Lancelot mused a little space;
  • He said, 'She has a lovely face;'
  • God in his mercy lend her grace,
  • The Lady of Shalott.

See below a painting of 'The Lady of Shalott' by John William Waterhouse.

Activity 5: Act Out a Passage

Practice acting out the following passage, with drama and feeling.

  • I am going to say something which I should not. I love you. Take me with you to Camelot. (Elaine)
  • My poor little maiden, you do not really love me. Some day you will marry a young knight, and then I shall give castles and land as a dowry. (Sir Lancelot)
  • I will have nothing of all that. (Elaine)

Activity 6: Complete Written Narration   

  • Click the crayon above, and complete page 174 of 'Fourth Grade Prose: Written Narration, Dictation, and Review Questions.'

Activity 7: Complete Copywork and Dictation   

  • Click the crayon above, and complete pages 174-175 of 'Fourth Grade Prose: Written Narration, Dictation, and Review Questions.'

Activity 8: Color the Image   

  • Click the crayon above, and complete page 175 of 'Fourth Grade Prose: Written Narration, Dictation, and Review Questions.'

Activity 9: Answer Written Review Questions   

  • Click the crayon above, and complete page 176 of 'Fourth Grade Prose: Written Narration, Dictation, and Review Questions.'

Review

Question 1

What does Lancelot do to ensure other knights fight him at full force in the tournament?
1 / 8

Answer 1

Sir Lancelot enters the tournament in disguise.
1 / 8

Question 2

Why does Sir Lancelot agree to wear Elaine's favor?
2 / 8

Answer 2

Sir Lancelot agrees to wear Elaine's favor to ensure no one sees through his disguise.
2 / 8

Question 3

Who wins the tournament?
3 / 8

Answer 3

Sir Lancelot wins the tournament.
3 / 8

Question 4

How is Sir Lancelot gravely injured?
4 / 8

Answer 4

Sir Lancelot is gravely injured when a group of jealous knights ambush him.
4 / 8

Question 5

Who nurses Sir Lancelot back to health, saving him from death?
5 / 8

Answer 5

Elaine nurses Sir Lancelot back to health.
5 / 8

Question 6

How Sir Lancelot answer when Elaine says she loves him and wants to go to Camelot?
6 / 8

Answer 6

Sir Lancelot refuses to take Elaine to Camelot, saying he loves only the king and the queen.
6 / 8

Question 7

How does Elaine ultimately communicate her lovesick grief to Sir Lancelot?
7 / 8

Answer 7

When Elaine dies, her father dresses her corpse in white and floats it down to Camelot on a black barge.
7 / 8

Question 8

Who is the Lady of Shalott?
8 / 8

Answer 8

Elaine is the Lady of Shalott.
8 / 8

  1. What does Lancelot do to ensure other knights fight him at full force in the tournament? Sir Lancelot enters the tournament in disguise.
  2. Why does Sir Lancelot agree to wear Elaine's favor? Sir Lancelot agrees to wear Elaine's favor to ensure no one sees through his disguise.
  3. Who wins the tournament? Sir Lancelot wins the tournament.
  4. How is Sir Lancelot gravely injured? Sir Lancelot is gravely injured when a group of jealous knights ambush him.
  5. Who nurses Sir Lancelot back to health, saving him from death? Elaine nurses Sir Lancelot back to health.
  6. How Sir Lancelot answer when Elaine says she loves him and wants to go to Camelot? Sir Lancelot refuses to take Elaine to Camelot, saying he loves only the king and the queen.
  7. How does Elaine ultimately communicate her lovesick grief to Sir Lancelot? When Elaine dies, her father dresses her corpse in white and floats it down to Camelot on a black barge.
  8. Who is the Lady of Shalott? Elaine is the Lady of Shalott.